The Agricultural Land Development Program has led to an increase in agricultural areas in Zelfana (Algeria) as in other Saharan regions. The creation of development areas in this zone has generated a certain progress through a set of measures that have had different impacts on the components of this Saharan agro-ecosystem. The objective of this research is to study the realities of the new dynamics of Saharan agriculture through the diversity of agrarian systems established in the oasis of Zelfana and its extensions. The results of the management study of this particular agro-ecosystem have shown inadequacies at different levels that could compromise its sustainability and even its dynamics. The measures to be taken are discussed not only to preserve the ecosystem but also to give meaning to the strong investments made by the public authorities.