The agro-morphological and vegetative traits of fruit trees such as plums vary according to the type of genotype and the sampling site. This work focuses on the characterization of four varieties planted in two contrasting experimental zones of the INRA of Meknes (Ain Taoujdate (T) in the Saïs plain and Annoceur (A) in the foothills of the Middle Atlas). The adaptability of plum trees under two contrasting climates was assessed by fruit yield and vegetative traits. All the varieties showed significant differences in their results at the two sites for all the measured traits mentioned, as well as variety and site factors, influencing the adaptation of the four varieties studied by acting significantly on production and phenology. The variety ‘Methley’ installed at ‘Ain Taoujdate’ proved to be the least tolerant to high winter temperatures by showing the highest yield decrease with a rate of 90%, fruit size decrease with a rate of 27% and the lowest growth among the varieties installed at both sites. In general, the traits of the four plum varieties were significantly affected by climatic conditions, plum genotypes and their interaction.